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| Legal Tender Act ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Legal tender
Legal tender is a medium of payment recognized by a legal system to be valid for meeting a financial obligation. Paper currency and coins are common forms of legal tender in many countries. Legal tender is variously defined in different jurisdictions. Formally, it is anything which when offered in payment extinguishes the debt. Thus, personal cheques, credit cards, debit cards, and similar non-cash methods of payment are not usually legal tender. The law does not relieve the debt obligation until payment is tendered. Coins and banknotes are usually defined as legal tender. Some jurisdictions may forbid or restrict payment made other than by legal tender. For example, such a law might outlaw the use of foreign coins and bank notes or require a license to perform financial transactions in a foreign currency.
In some jurisdictions legal tender can be refused as payment if no debt exists prior to the time of payment (where the obligation to pay may arise at the same time as the offer of payment). For example, vending machines and transport staff do not have to accept the largest denomination of banknote. Shopkeepers may reject large banknotes: this is covered by the legal concept known as invitation to treat. However, restaurants that do not collect payment until after a meal is served must accept any legal tender for the debt incurred in purchasing the meal.
The right, in many jurisdictions, of a trader to refuse to do business with any person, means a purchaser may not insist on making a purchase and so declaring a legal tender in law, as anything other than an offered payment for debts already incurred would not be effective.
==Etymology==
The term "legal tender" is from Middle English ''tendren'', French ''tendre'' (verb form), meaning ''to offer''. The ''Latin'' root is ''tendere'' (to stretch out), and the sense of ''tender'' as an ''offer'' is related to the etymology of the English word "extend" (to hold outward).〔(Definition of tender as verb, in Merriam-Webster ). Retrieved July 13, 2009.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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